巨龙系列发动机Julong Engine Series
液氧甲烷
为复用而生Methalox,
built to fly again
燃气发生器循环、单预燃室双泵、3D 打印集成流道。零部件数量少 30%,单台成本降低 80%,可重复使用 30 次以上。Gas-generator cycle, a single preburner driving two pumps, 3D-printed integrated flow passages. Thirty per cent fewer parts, eighty per cent lower unit cost, and thirty-plus flights per engine.
参数Specifications
两台发动机Two engines
巨龙-100 推 10 吨,装在 10 吨级飞行器上;巨龙-300 推 30 吨,九台并联构成运载火箭一级。除推力与摇摆范围外,两台机的循环、推进剂与控制体系完全一致。Julong-100 produces 10 tonnes of thrust and flies on the 10-tonne vehicle. Julong-300 produces 30 tonnes, and nine of them make up the launch vehicle's first stage. Apart from thrust and gimbal range, the two share an identical cycle, propellant and control architecture.
| 参数Parameter | 巨龙-100Julong-100 | 巨龙-300Julong-300 |
|---|---|---|
| 设计推力Design thrust | 10 吨t | 30 吨t |
| 海平面比冲Sea-level specific impulse | 280 s | 280 s |
| 推重比Thrust-to-weight | 70 | 75 |
| 室压Chamber pressure | 10 MPa | 10 MPa |
| 混合比Mixture ratio | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| 喷管摇摆Nozzle gimbal | ±10° 双向±10°, two axes | ±20° 双向±20°, two axes |
| 推进剂Propellant | 液氧 / 甲烷LOX / methane | 液氧 / 甲烷LOX / methane |
| 复用次数Reuse | 30 次以上30+ flights | 30 次以上30+ flights |
巨龙-100Julong-100
10 吨级液氧甲烷火箭发动机10-tonne methalox rocket engine
- 设计推力Design thrust
- 10t
- 海平面比冲Sea-level Isp
- 280s
- 推重比Thrust-to-weight
- 70
- 室压Chamber pressure
- 10MPa
- 高可靠Reliable 发动机零部件数量少 30%:氧系统集成设计、3D 打印。Thirty per cent fewer parts, from an integrated oxidiser system and 3D printing.
- 快速迭代Fast iteration 缩短研发验证周期。A shorter development and validation cycle.
- 低成本Low cost 单台发动机成本降低 80%:集成化设计、发动机复用。Eighty per cent lower unit cost, from integrated design and engine reuse.
- 可复用Reusable 发动机可重复使用 30 次以上。Each engine is good for more than thirty flights.
巨龙-300Julong-300
30 吨级液氧甲烷火箭发动机30-tonne methalox rocket engine
运载火箭一级的动力单元,九台并联。摇摆范围放大到 ±20°,以满足提箭回收返回段的姿态控制需求。The power unit of the launch vehicle's first stage, flown nine at a time. Gimbal range widens to ±20° to meet the attitude-control demands of a lift-recovery descent.
- 设计推力Design thrust
- 30t
- 海平面比冲Sea-level Isp
- 280s
- 推重比Thrust-to-weight
- 75
- 喷管摇摆Nozzle gimbal
- ±20°
- 高可靠Reliable 发动机零部件数量少 30%:氧系统集成设计、3D 打印。Thirty per cent fewer parts, from an integrated oxidiser system and 3D printing.
- 低成本Low cost 单台发动机成本降低 80%:集成化设计、发动机复用。Eighty per cent lower unit cost, from integrated design and engine reuse.
- 可复用Reusable 发动机可重复使用 30 次以上。Each engine is good for more than thirty flights.
技术架构Architecture
循环 · 推进 · 控制Cycle, propulsion, control
- 循环系统Cycle 燃气发生器循环 · 单预燃室双泵 · 低研发成本Gas-generator cycle · one preburner driving two pumps · low development cost
- 推进系统Propulsion 液氧/甲烷推进剂 · 泵压式供应 · 3D 打印集成流道LOX/methane propellant · pump-fed supply · 3D-printed integrated flow passages
- 控制体系Control 双向摇摆喷管(巨龙-100 ±10°,巨龙-300 ±20°) · 无火工品冷气启动 · 多次点火与重启Two-axis gimbal (±10° on Julong-100, ±20° on Julong-300) · pyrotechnic-free cold-gas start · multi-start and restart
无火工品启动意味着一次任务里可以反复点火 —— 提箭回收的返回段需要发动机在再入减速与近地悬停之间关机再启动,火工品点火器做不到这件事。Starting without pyrotechnics is what allows repeated ignition within one mission. A lift-recovery descent needs the engines to shut down and restart between re-entry braking and terminal hover, which a pyrotechnic igniter cannot do.
推进剂选择Propellant Choice
为什么是液氧甲烷Why methalox
深度复用对推进剂的要求和一次性火箭完全不同 —— 决定成本的不是单次推进剂账单,而是两次飞行之间要花多少工时把发动机清理干净。Deep reuse asks something different of a propellant than an expendable rocket does. What sets the cost is not the propellant bill for one flight, but the hours spent cleaning the engine between two of them.
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01
比冲高High specific impulse
同等推进剂质量下可用速度增量更大,是运力的直接来源。More velocity change out of the same propellant mass, which converts directly into payload.
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02
推进剂便宜Cheap propellant
成本仅为液氧煤油的 1/3。Roughly one third the cost of kerolox.
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03
燃烧无积碳No coking
甲烷燃烧不结焦,发动机内壁与流道不需要重复清理,维护成本下降 60–80%。Methane burns clean, so chamber walls and flow passages need no repeated cleaning — maintenance cost drops 60–80%.
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04
推力可深度节流Deep throttling
推力调节范围 40%–100%,垂直起降与近地悬停都靠它。Throttleable from 40% to 100% — the basis of vertical landing and terminal hover alike.