研发进展Progress
两条路线
同时在跑Two roads,
running together
一条是火箭:从系统论证到百吨级箭体蚱蜢跳。一条是飞行器:从 200 kg 验证平台到百吨级航班化运载平台。飞行器先商业化,养火箭。One road is the rocket, from systems study to a hundred-tonne grasshopper hop. The other is the aircraft, from a 200 kg demonstrator to an airline-grade transport platform. The aircraft commercialises first and pays for the rocket.
路线一Roadmap One
低成本可回收液体运载火箭航班化探索方案Airline-grade reusable liquid launch vehicles
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系统论证Systems study
- 挤压试验预研制Pressure-fed test article
- 10 吨级动力研制10-tonne propulsion development
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10 吨级实验箭10-tonne test vehicle
- 箭发一体牵制试验Integrated vehicle-engine hold-down test
- 亚轨道回收快速迭代Fast iteration on suborbital recovery
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30 吨级引擎研制30-tonne engine development
- 打印一体推力室Single-piece printed thrust chamber
- 节流截止一体阀门Combined throttle and shut-off valve
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百吨级箭体蚱蜢跳Hundred-tonne grasshopper hop
- 回收流程试验Full recovery-sequence trials
- 航班化全流程闭环Closing the airline-style loop end to end
路线二Roadmap Two
火箭发动机垂直起降飞行器Rocket-powered VTOL aircraft
协同逻辑:飞行器商业化运营 → 积累商业资源 → 火箭动力技术迭代 → 航班化运载平台The logic: commercial aircraft operations → accumulated commercial resources → propulsion iteration → an airline-grade transport platform
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第一阶段Stage one
200 kg 变模态验证平台200 kg variable-mode demonstrator
- 6 kN 挤压式发动机6 kN pressure-fed engine
- 测试系统预研Test-system groundwork
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第二阶段Stage two
10 吨级变模态工程样机10-tonne variable-mode engineering prototype
- 推力逐级放大Thrust scaled up step by step
- 积累运行数据Operating data accumulated
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第三阶段Stage three
10 吨级商用运输平台10-tonne commercial transport platform
- 巨龙-4 号发动机Julong-4 engine
- 主营收入来源Primary revenue line
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第四阶段Stage four
百吨级液体动力运载平台Hundred-tonne liquid-powered launch platform
- 30 吨级动力30-tonne propulsion
- 航班化运营Airline-style operations
核心技术Core Technologies
六项支撑两条路线的技术Six technologies under both roads
飞行器和火箭的差别只在尺度 —— 动力、控制、结构这三层是同一套东西,所以第一阶段验证过的技术能一路放大上去。Aircraft and rocket differ only in scale. Propulsion, control and structure are the same three layers underneath, which is why what stage one proves can be scaled the whole way up.
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火箭动力垂直起降总体构型Rocket-powered VTOL layout
火箭动力 VTOL 与固定翼涡喷巡航的组合构型,以推力矢量控制姿态。垂直起降无需跑道,部署灵活。A rocket-powered VTOL stage combined with fixed-wing turbojet cruise, with attitude held by thrust vectoring. Vertical takeoff needs no runway, so deployment stays flexible.
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液氧甲烷动力系统Methalox propulsion
比冲高,成本仅为液氧煤油的 1/3,燃烧无积碳使维护成本降低 60–80%,推力可在 40%–100% 之间调节。High specific impulse, one third the propellant cost of kerolox, no coking so maintenance drops 60–80%, and thrust throttleable from 40% to 100%.
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推力矢量控制Thrust vector control
多自由度推力矢量机构实时调节喷流方向;低速与悬停状态下依靠矢量推力实现稳定姿态控制。A multi-axis gimbal steers the plume in real time, so attitude stays stable at low speed and in hover on vectored thrust alone.
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固定翼巡航与模态转换Cruise and mode transition
下单翼固定翼配合 CFD 气动优化,攻克 VTOL 向固定翼转换过程中的气动干扰与瞬态动力学问题。A low-wing fixed-wing layout refined by CFD, tackling the aerodynamic interference and transient dynamics of the VTOL-to-wingborne transition.
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结构轻量化Lightweight structure
碳纤维复合材料与结构优化,满足起飞、巡航、着陆全工况下的结构承载能力需求。Carbon-fibre composites plus structural optimisation, sized to carry the loads of takeoff, cruise and landing alike.
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飞行控制Flight control
凸优化着陆算法配合模型预测控制,以高频滚动优化抵消燃料消耗、推力偏差等内外扰动。A convex-optimisation landing algorithm with model predictive control, re-solving at high rate to absorb propellant depletion, thrust dispersion and outside disturbance.
当前状态Where We Are
已经完成的部分What is done
巨龙-100 与巨龙-300 均已完成总体方案设计及关键技术论证;10 吨级混合动力飞行器总体设计推进中;提箭回收系统与航班化探索者平台技术架构同步展开,为未来深空运载系统建设奠定基础。Julong-100 and Julong-300 have both completed overall design and key-technology review. Overall design of the 10-tonne hybrid vehicle is under way, with the lift-recovery system and the Explorer platform architecture developed alongside — groundwork for a future deep-space transport system.
- 200 kg 级飞行器200 kg vehicle 样机组装完成,计划开展地面实验。Prototype assembled; ground testing planned.
- 10 吨级飞行器10-tonne vehicle 已完成理论设计,并同步申请相关专利。Theoretical design complete, with patent applications filed alongside.
- 巨龙-100Julong-100 10 吨级飞行器发动机已完成总体设计,关键技术完成论证。Overall design of the 10-tonne vehicle's engine is complete, with key technologies reviewed.
- 巨龙-300Julong-300 30 吨级发动机已完成系统论证。Systems study of the 30-tonne engine is complete.
- 蚱蜢跳试验箭Grasshopper test vehicle 30 吨级飞行器已完成蚱蜢跳试验箭理论设计。Theoretical design of the 30-tonne grasshopper-hop test vehicle is complete.
- 算法验证平台Algorithm test rig 共轴反桨飞行器算法验证平台已完成悬停测试。The coaxial contra-rotating rig has completed hover testing.
部件设计Component Design
流体与结构仿真Fluid and structural simulation
基于流体与结构仿真,完成等离子点火器、阀门、喷管、贮箱等结构设计;完成制造供应链构建;完成相关专利布局。Fluid and structural simulation drove the design of the plasma igniter, valves, nozzle and tanks. The manufacturing supply chain is in place, and the patent portfolio is filed.
场地布局Facilities
双中心 · 两个试验场Two centres, two ranges
研发双中心设在绵阳与南京,地面试验布局绵阳盐亭,飞行试验布局酒泉商业测试场 —— 依托长三角窗口与中国科技城根基,布局盐亭地面试验、酒泉飞行试验全域体系。Two development centres, in Mianyang and Nanjing. Ground testing sits at Yanting in Mianyang, flight testing at the Jiuquan commercial range — a Yangtze Delta window on one side, the roots of China's science city on the other, spanning ground and flight test end to end.
- 研发双中心Development centres 绵阳、南京。Mianyang and Nanjing.
- 地面试验Ground test 绵阳盐亭静态测试场。Yanting static test site, Mianyang.
- 飞行试验Flight test 酒泉商业测试场。Jiuquan commercial test range.
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酒泉飞行测试场Jiuquan flight range
测试场位于酒泉市金塔县航天镇 —— 服务保障两大基地与商业航天发射的航天航空特色小镇,距酒泉卫星发射中心约 80 公里、商业航天发射区约 34 公里、鼎新机场 5 公里。肃航公路、酒航公路、酒额铁路穿镇而过,公路、铁路、民航三位一体,星箭装备与科研团队进出极为便利。依托航天航空产业园,测装发一体化。The range is based in Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan — an aerospace town built to serve the two national bases and commercial launch activity. It sits about 80 km from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, 34 km from the commercial launch area and 5 km from Dingxin Airport. The Suhang and Jiuhang highways and the Jiuquan–Ejina railway run through town, putting road, rail and air in one network, so vehicles and crews move in and out with ease. Backed by the aerospace industrial park, test, integration and launch come together in one place.
图片:中国新闻网(CC BY 4.0,有裁剪)Photo: China News Service (CC BY 4.0, cropped)
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盐亭静态测试场Yanting static test site
依托能源基地,地方政府支持,用地条件成熟。Backed by an energy base, supported by the local government, with land already suitable.
